At ISCED-level 6 to 8 there are studies at public universities, private universities, Fachhochschulen (universities of applied sciences) and university colleges of teacher education.
The university level has been significantly expanded in recent years, partly as a result of the introduction of Fachhochschulen and also due to the Bologna Process. Gradually, most of the conventional diploma programmes (ISCED 7) have been replaced by bachelor programmes (ISCED 6), which generally last for 6 to 8 semesters, and master programmes (ISCED 7), which follow on from bachelor programmes and last for another 2 to 4 semesters. The highest formal academic qualification, the doctorate, can be attained at ISCED level 8 after a minimum of 6 semesters of study.
In the 2020/21 academic year 268 240 regular students were enrolled at public universities, an increase of 3.8% compared to the previous year.
In the sixteen accredited private universities 13 963 regular students were enrolled in 2020/21 – an increase of 14.7% compared to the previous year.
In the 1994/95 academic year the tertiary educational sector was expanded with the setting up of universities of applied sciences (Fachhochschulen). These new institutions gained positive acceptance right from the beginning and saw greater rates of increase than traditional universities, in terms of numbers of both students and graduates. The number of regular students at universities of applied sciences amounted to 58 735 in the academic year 2020/21.
In the 2007/08 academic year the academies of education were upgraded to university colleges of teacher education. In the 2020/21 academic year there were 18 660 students enrolled in courses qualifying for teaching.
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