As an important component of population statistics, birth statistics have a tradition going back to the 18th century. Since 1945, they have been based on the reports of the registry offices of Austria intended for administrative purposes, which in turn are based in part on reports of births by hospitals and freely practising midwives on medical and social characteristics. The recording of these characteristics at birth provides important information on the course of birth as well as the state of health of newborns, which have a decisive influence on the chances of survival in the first months as well as on future health.